The Onion Router (or Tor), which enables anonymous access, communication, and information sharing online, was originally developed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory to protect intelligence (Maras, 2014a; Maras, 2016; Finklea, 2017). Since the release of Tor to the public, it has been used by individuals to protect themselves against private and government surveillance of their online activities. Nonetheless, Tor and other anonymizing networks have also been utilized by cybercriminals to commit and/or share information and/or tools to commit cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled crimes (Europol, 2018).
Anonymous Ddos Tools 2013
Carding crimes are offences in which the Internet is used to traffic and exploit personal and financial data and share cybercrime techniques, such as the online buying and selling of stolen identity and counterfeit documents, credit card and bank account information, or criminal hacking tools. Carding crimes and others like it show how pure cybercrimes can be instrumental in facilitating and altering the scope of more traditional criminal offences. For example, a criminal may gain unauthorized access to a computer database to steal personally identifiable information and credit card numbers. In turn, the criminal may use anonymous online forums, many of which are not detectable through online search engines, to exchange this information for illegitimate purposes. 2ff7e9595c
Comments